BIOL 1000 E Canadian Environmental Biology

This course discusses basic biology relevant to human environmental problems with an emphasis on human impact on Canadian ecosystems. After an explanation of basic principles of ecology, the course examines pollution in Canada and human population, food and fibre supply, urbanization, and non-renewable resources as biological problems. For the three- or four-year B.Sc. (Biology) programs, this course may be taken as an elective, but it may not be used as a BIOL credit towards a Biology concentration or specialized concentration. (lec 2, tut 1) cr 6

BIOL 1506 E Biology I

This introductory course will address selected topics in biology as applied to prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cell biology, genetics, respiration, photosynthesis, evolution and ecology will be discussed. Students lacking 12U Chemistry must take CHMI 1041 concurrently. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 1507 E Biology II

A study will be made of higher plants and animals with special emphasis on structure and function. Botanical topics include plant anatomy, reproduction, water relations, mineral nutrition, and control of growth and development. The zoological component includes the anatomy and physiology of animal tissues, organs and systems, and their functional integration. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 1700 E Structure and Function of the Human Body

This course describes basic human anatomy and physiology at the cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels of organization. Only available as an elective to students in the 3- and 4-year B.Sc. program. Credit cannot be retained for both BIOL 1700 and any of BIOL 2105 or 2107. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 6 (available only through Continuing Education)

BIOL 2011 E Fundamentals of Genetics

This course deals with the replication, modification, transmission and function of the genetic information in living organisms. Prerequisites: BIOL 1506; 12U Chemistry, CHMI 1030 or 1041. Credit cannot be retained for both BIOL 2011 and 3017. Not available for credit in the Bachelor of Science programs in Biology. cr 3 (available only through Continuing Education)

BIOL 2105 E Human Anatomy and Physiology

This course describes human anatomy and physiology at the cellular, tissue, organ and system levels of organization. Aspects of this course will concentrate on the clinical applications of anatomy and physiology. Credit cannot be retained both for BIOL 2105 and any of (BIOL 1700, 2107, 2701; PHED 1506, 1507, 2106). (lec 3, lab 3) cr 6

BIOL 2110 E Medical Microbiology

This course consists of an introduction to microorganisms, the principles of medical microbiology, basic immunology, and a survey of infectious diseases that emphasizes causative agent, symptoms, chemotherapy, and prevention. Exceptionally, students in the three-year or four-year program in Biology may take this course for Biology credit, but only if they have prior permission of the Department. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 6 (available only through Continuing Education)

BIOL 2111 E Principles of Microbiology

This course is an introduction to microbiology and is offered to students in the nursing program. The topics covered include morphology and structure, classification, microbiology techniques, microbial nutrition, growth, environmental effects on microbes, mutation and genetic recombinaton, sterilization and disinfection, and antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents. Prerequisite: 12U Biology or equivalent. Students cannot retain credit for both BIOL 2111 and BIOL 2110. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 2126 E Cell Biology

This introductory course deals with molecular, structural and functional organization in both prokaryotic and eucaryotic cells. Prerequisites: BIOL 1506 and CHMI 1006/7. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 2317 E Plant Physiology is now BIOL 3317 Plant Ecophysiology (see BIOL 3317 below)

BIOL 2356 E Principles of Ecology

The ecosystem concept; biogeochemical cycles; ecological energetics; the organization and dynamics of biotic communities. Ecology and humans; the food chain, demography, epidemiology. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

* BIOL 2366 E Diversity of Prokaryotes and Fungi

Fundamentals of structure, reproduction, physiology and ecology of selected members of these two kingdoms are considered. Emphasis is placed on the importance of these organisms in the functioning of ecosystems. Special importance is given to macro-fungi. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 2376 E Diversity of Non-Vascular Plants

Algae, mosses, liverworts and lichens are considered with regard to structure, reproduction, classification, ecology and basic physiology. Students are introduced to the North American representatives of these groups. A collection of local mosses, liverworts and lichens may be required. (lec 3, lab/exp 3) cr 3

BIOL 2386 E Diversity of Vascular Plants

A comparative study is undertaken of ferns and allies, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Morphology, anatomy, reproduction, ecology and evolutionary relationships are stressed. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 2701 E Human Physiology

A study of the principles and mechanisms underlying the functional activity of cells, tissues and organs in humans. Not available for credit to students in the three- or four-year Biology program. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3 (available only through Continuing Education)

BIOL 2706 E Vertebrate Form and Function

A comparative examination of the important features of the structure and functioning of the chordates with emphasis on the vertebrates and their evolutionary relationships. Course includes laboratory study of the anatomy of selected vertebrates. Prerequisite: BIOL 1506/1507. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3 (Replaces BIOL 2705 E)

BIOL 2716 E Introduction to the Invertebrates

Selected taxa representing the living invertebrate animals of the world will be discussed in terms of key physical characteristics, life cycles, habitats, feeding methods, ecological roles, and importance to humans. Laboratory classes will emphasize identification of specimens from external features, and invertebrate classification. Prerequisite: BIOL 1506/7 or equivalent. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 2727 E An Introduction to the Vertebrates

Selected taxa representing the living vertebrate animals of the world will be discussed in terms of key physical characteristics, life cycles, habitats, feeding methods, ecological roles, and importance to humans. Laboratory classes and tutorials will emphasize identification from external features, life histories, and classification. Prerequisite: BIOL 1506/7 or equivalent. (lec 3, lab/tut 3) cr 3

BIOL 2757 E Biological Aspects of Human Sexuality

This course deals with the interaction of brain and gonadal hormones in reproductive physiology and behaviour. The biology of sexual response and problems will be discussed. Prerequisite: BIOL 1700 or 1506/7 or instructor's permission. (lec 3) cr 3 (available only through Continuing Education)

* BIOL 3006 E Evolutionary Biology

An understanding of evolution is fundamental to all aspects of biology. An understanding of evolution is fundamental to all aspects of biology. This course will introduce the theory and concepts of evolutionary biology, emphasizing both macro and microevolution. Topics will include the history of evolutionary thought, species concepts and speciation, adaptation, and the roles of natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift in evolutionary change. Evolutionary concepts will also be applied to behavioural ecology, sexual selection, and life-history theory. The course will consist of 3 1-hour lectures and a weekly 3 hour seminar session. During the weekly seminar, empirical examples from the literature will be outlined and critiqued. Evaluation will be through two exams, a major research essay, and the weekly seminar where bi-weekly critiques and partidipation will be graded. (lec 3, sem 3) cr 3

BIOL 3017 E Genetics

An introduction to the science of genetics. The following topics will be considered: Mendelian inheritance; the nature and behaviour of chromosomes; the chemical basis of heredity; linkage, crossing over, and the mapping of chromosomes; variations in chromosome structure and number; mutation; the structure and function of genes; the use of statistics in the genetic analysis of quantitative characters. Prerequisite: BIOL 1506/7. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

* BIOL 3025 E Microbiology

The classification, morphology and structure, physiology and genetics of microorganisms, with emphasis upon the bacteria. The ecology of infectious diseases and environmental and applied microbiology. Prerequisite: A first-year Biology course. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 6

* BIOL 3036 E Methods in Aquatic Biodiversity Assessment

This course is designed to teach students several methods for assessing fish zooplankton and benthic invertebrate communities. An emphasis will be placed on proper survey and experimental design, field sampling methods, species identification, data management, statistical analyses and report writing. As part of the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB) this course involves an intensive two week course in the Sudbury area with sampling sites varying from urban industrial sites to remote lakes in wilderness parks (e.g., Killarney). (tut 3), cr 3

* BIOL 3047 E Bioclimatology

A basic course in the fundamentals of organism-environment interactions that is intended as a foundation for students in ecology, environmental physiology and allied fields such as physical geography, and for students in the Liberal Science program. Definition and measurement of abiotic factors including radiation, temperature, atmospheric moisture, precipitation and wind, and the role of biotic and abiotic factors with respect to plants and animals including humans. Special topics discussed include the use of controlled environments in biological research, human environments, deliberate and inadvertent microclimatic modification and the importance of snow to the survival of organisms in northern latitudes (including field trips). Prerequisite: BIOL 2356. (lec 3, lab/exp 3) cr 3

* BIOL 3056 E Mineral Exploitation and the Biosphere

The course will discuss interactions between the mineral industry and the living world. Topics include: fundamentals of biogeochemical prospecting; use of microbes in mineral extraction; effects of environmental contamination on ecosystems; waste disposal; rehabilitation of damaged ecosystems; environmental impact assessment: methods and interpretation. Prerequisites: Either BIOL 1000 or 1506/7 plus 2356 (may be taken concurrently). Normally offered once every 3 years. (lec 3, exp 3) cr 3

* BIOL 3067 E Winter Ecology

A comprehensive study will be made of the interrelationship amongst plants, animals and their environment during winter. The course will begin by discussing the significance of energy exchange, light spectra, photoperiod and the reciprocal relationships that exist between water, ice and snow and biotic community structure and composition. Other topics include anatomical and physiological adaptations, nutrient sources and predator-prey interactions. Techniques will be emphasized and tested experimentally under field conditions. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 3117 E Infectious Diseases

This course covers the principles of medical microbiology; resistance and immunity; and infectious diseases of the genitourinary tract, respiratory tract, digestive tract, and skin. For each disease, causative agent, symptomology, chemotherapy, and the possibility of immunization will be considered. Prerequisite or corequisite: BIOL 2111 or BIOL 3025. Students cannot retain credit for both BIOL 3117 and BIOL 2110. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 3306 E Vascular Plant Systematics

Concepts and methods of taxonomy and their application to the practical identification and naming of vascular plants. A systematic study of the more important angiosperm families. (Students are required to present a herbarium of 50 flowering plants and 20 non-flowering vascular plants before the end of the course. Some of these may be collected during the previous spring and summer, though opportunities for collecting will also occur during the field trips held early in the term. Information on herbarium technique is available from the instructor in the spring preceding the course.) Prerequisite: BIOL 2386. (lec 3, lab/exp 3) cr 3

* BIOL 3317 E Plant Ecophysiology (formerly BIOL 2317 Plant Physiology)

This course deals with structure and function of plants at the cell and organism level, including: photosynthesis, respiration, long-distance transport of assimilates, water relations, energy budget, mineral nutrition, and life cycles. The emphasis lies on genetic and phenotypic variation of the discussed traits and processes as mechanisms of acclimation and adaptation to different environmental conditions. Students cannot receive credit for both BIOL 2317 and BIOL 3317. Prerequisite: 1506/7. (lec 3, lab sem 3) cr 3

BIOL 3327 E Experimental Methods in Biology

The nature of scientific inquiry; biological philosophy and classic biological experiments; the modern research problem; experimental design and analysis; interpretation of results; presentation of results for publication. Scientific journal and abstract searches. Assumes a knowledge of basic statistical methods. Prerequisites: MATH 2261, GEOG 2026 or equivalent. (lec 3, lab/tut/sem 1) cr 3

BIOL 3336 E Plant Ecology

The plant species in the environmental complex; population dynamics and resource allocation; species interactions; plant community concepts and attributes; sampling and describing plant communities; community dynamics; selected aspects of plant-environment interaction; selected vegetation types of North America. Prerequisites: BIOL 2356, 3306 (may be taken concurrently). (lec 3, lab/exp 3) cr 3

BIOL 3346 E Ethnobotany

This course examines the importance of plants and their products to the health of mankind. Special attention will be given to plant substances of pharmacological interest, including medicinal drugs derived from roots, bark, leaves, and flowers. In addition, the importance of plants as agents of illness and disease (including allergies and favism) will be discussed. Prerequisites: BIOL 1506 and 1507; CHMI 1202 or 2427. (lec 3, 3h practical/seminar work) cr 3

BIOL 3376 E Restoration Ecology I: Concepts and Principles

This course will emphasize the interdisciplinary and holistic nature of the science of restoration ecology. Different philosophies of restoration, reclamation and rehabilitation will be discussed. Structural and functional attributes of the disturbed ecosystem and its restoration will be considered and placed in context. The factors potentially limiting the natural recovery of disturbed land and waters, and their interactions, will be enumerated and analyzed. The use of abiotic and biotic approaches to overcoming limiting factors will be evaluated, including the potential use of biotechnology. Prerequisite: BIOL 2356. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 3386 E Mycology

Morphology, life histories and taxonomy of a range of fungi. Techniques used for isolation and culture. Physiology and biology of fungi. Prerequisites: BIOL 1506 and 1507. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 3706 E General Entomology

An introduction to the study of insects. Fundamentals of insect morphology, taxonomy, physiology, and ecology. Insect life histories and behaviour. Insect success and adaptability. Insects of the university Arboretum and northeastern Ontario are highlighted. Prerequisite: BIOL 2716. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 3726 E Animal Histology

The focus of this course is the histology of humans and other mammals. The morphology of the four tissue types will be examined at multiple scales ranging from the molecular to whole organ levels.An introduction to histotechniques will be included. Prerequisites: BIOL 2105, BIOL 2706 or permission of instructor. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 3756 E Vertebrate Physiology

The physiology of the major organ systems of the vertebrate body with emphasis upon the principles and mechanisms underlying the maintenance of internal homeostasis. Prerequisite: BIOL 2705 or 2706 or equivalent. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 3807 E Applied Entomology

Insects and human welfare. Life histories and ecology of insect pests of agriculture, forestry, humans, domestic animals , and stored products. Insect problems in homes and gardens. Recognition of major Canadian insect pests. Insect control. Insecticides and biological control. Prerequisite: An introductory biology course or consent of Department. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

* BIOL 3927 E Forest Entomology

The course includes a survey of the forest regions of Canada; principles of forest ecology; role of insects in forest ecosystems; survey of major pests of Canadian forests and their chemical and biological control; and the fate of insecticides in forest ecosystems. Prerequisites: Either BIOL 1000, 2356, 3706 or consent of Department. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

* BIOL 3977 E Biodiversity and Conservation

Concepts of biodiversity are introduced at genetic, organismal and ecosystem levels. The conservation of threatened species and ecosystems is then explored in human-dominated landscapes. Special attention is given to the history and geography of biodiversity, to the biology of rarity and to the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Topics considered in conservation biology include conservation ethics, threats to biodiversity, strategies to conserve ecosystems and species, and socio-economic aspects of conservation. Prerequisite: BIOL 2356. (lec 3,lab/sem 3) cr 3

BIOL 4006 E Field Internship and Report

The student will undertake an approved two-week internship with a company or agency involved in conservation or restoration activities. The student will submit a report describing the nature of the work undertaken within two weeks of completing the internship. The grade will be based upon the student's report and the company's or agency's evaluation. Enrolment in this course will be restricted to students who have completed three years of the Conservation and Restoration Ecology Option. (exp 2 weeks) cr 3

BIOL 4016 E Field Camp and Report

Students will attend a field biology session during the first two weeks of September under the guidance of faculty members. Each student must submit a report based on field camp activities. Prerequisites: BIOL 2356; either BIOL 2376 or 2386; either BIOL 2716 or 2717. (exp 1 week fall) cr 3

BIOL 4017 E Literature Review

A major study of the literature on a specific biological topic, under the supervision of one or more faculty members. The subject of the study is chosen in consultation with the coordinator and supervisor(s). The results of the study are presented as a major essay in the form of a review paper. Available only to 4^th-year students of the specialized program. Students cannot take both BIOL 4017 and 4035. (exp 6) cr 3

* BIOL 4025 E Microbial Physiology

This course considers the relationship between structure and function in microorganisms, especially in bacteria. The topics covered include growth, bacterial cell walls, bacterial cell division, metabolism, permeation, metabolic regulation, and protein synthesis. Prerequisites: BIOL 3025 and CHMI 2227, 3226 (the latter may be taken concurrently by permission of the instructor). (lec 3, lab 3) cr 6

BIOL 4035 E Research and Seminar

The purpose of this course is to give the student experience in planning, executing and reporting upon a biological research project. The course is especially appropriate for students planning further academic work or a career as a research scientist. The research topic will be chosen in consultation with a faculty member, who must agree to supervise the student's research, the consultation preferably occurring in the spring or summer of the calendar year in which the research is to begin. The student will present both a seminar and a thesis based upon the research. The course will also include instruction on selected topics in science, with particular reference to methodology in research, the preparation of reports, theses and papers for publication, and the preparation and presentation of seminars. Prerequisites: This course is only available to students in the fourth year of the specialized program who have completed BIOL 3327 and have achieved an overall average of at least 75% in all Biology courses previously taken. Students cannot take both BIOL 4035 and 4017. (lec 1, exp 5) cr 6

BIOL 4056 E General Limnology

This course will present an overview of the major interactions among the physical, chemical, and biological components of freshwater ecosystems. The limnological consequences of a variety of human activities will be reviewed. Prerequisites: Completion of the required 2000-level courses in Biology. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 4066 E Quantitative Ecology

Principles of study design and data analysis are applied to research in ecology and environmental sciences, with a focus on field studies. A range of analytical tools are considered for both univariate and multivariate ecological data, including ANOVA, regression, MANOVA, and ordination and cluster analysis. Parametric methods are contrasted to Monte Carlo and Bayesian approaches. Laboratories apply concepts using statistical software. Prerequisites: BIOL 2356 & 3327, or instructor's permission. (lec 3, lab/tut 1) cr 3

BIOL 4216 Ontario University Program in Field Biology (OUPFB)

Students must register in this course to participate in their first of potentially two courses within the Ontario University Program in Field Biology ( OUPFB). The courses run for a minimum of 2 weeks in duration at the field location and are offered by any one of 14 Ontario universities participating in the OUPFB program. OUPFB courses usually involve major assignments or reports both before and after the field studies. Students must meet the prerequisite requirements of the specific course at the host university. 3 credits (Note: Please visit the OUPFB master website to view the entire course listing)

BIOL 4217 Ontario University Program in Field Biology (OUPFB)

Students must register in this course if they wish to take a second two week OUPFB course at any one of the 14 participating universities. 3 credits

* BIOL 4316 E Advanced Plant Ecophysiology

Acquisition, allocation and turnover of carbon and mineral nutrients by plants are described, as well as interspecific variation and phenotypic plasticity, the underlying physiological causes and tradeoffs, and the ecological consequences. Interactions with other organiss, e.g., mycorrhizal symbiosis and herbivory are discussed. Prerequisite: BIOL 2317 or BIOL 3317. (lec 3, lab/tut 3) cr 3

* BIOL 4366 E Soil Biology

This course will review the soil characteristics that provide a living environment for organisms and provide comprehensive overview of the organism diversity inhabiting soils. Roles of both soil meso- and micro-fauna and flora in soil development and nutrient cycling will be discussed. The topics cover organism activities and their role as beneficial as well as hamful organisms, and the effects of those activities on ecosystem function. The effect of cultural practices on microbes and the use of microorganisms in bioremediation of contaminated soil and groundwater will also be included. Prerequisites: BIOL 2356, BIOL 1506/7, CHEM 1006/7 or consent of insturctor. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

* BIOL 4386 E Wetland Ecology and Conservation

The biology, hydrology, geochemistry and ecology of temperate wetlands, especially peatlands, will be examined. Emphasis will be placed on plant adaptations to the flooded environment. Evolution of peatlands and paleostratigraphy including pollen analysis will be considered. Wetland monitoring and assessment, and the effects of climate changes on global carbon budgets will be discussed. Uses, management and conservation practices for wetlands will be analysed. Techniques for forming new wetlands will be evaluated. Prerequisite: BIOL 2356 (BIOL 3336 is recommended). (lec 3, lab/exp/sem 3) cr 3

BIOL 4396 EL Current Issues in Environmental Sustainability

This course addresses contemporary threats to the environment, from the loss of biodiversity to the depletion of oil resources. Topics covered will vary from year to year depending on the identification of new issues and student interests. PREREQ: BIOL 2356 (Lec 3) 3 cr

* BIOL 4706 E Animal Ecology

Biotic environmental factors, inter-and intra-species relationships, population phenomena and regulation of animal numbers; ecological distribution and zoogeography. Laboratory work will include field trips and techniques for wildlife management. Prerequisite: BIOL 2356. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 4717 E Animal Behaviour

An introduction to the study of animal behaviour with emphasis on the ethological approach. (This course is accepted as part of the requirements for a concentration in Psychology.) (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

* BIOL 4736 E Developmental Biology

This course will examine the developmental biology of vertebrates using amphibians, birds, and mammals as model species. It will focus on fertilization, blastulation, gastrulation, neurulation, and subsequent development. Prerequisite: BIOL 2706. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 4747 E Herpetology

Material will focus on the classification, evolution, anatomy, physiology, ecology, zoogeography, natural history, and conservation of amphibians and reptiles.  The usefulness of amphibians and reptiles in demonstrating basic biological principles and the need for conservation and management will be emphasized by reviewing current research from the primary literature. Prerequisite: BIOL 2727 (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

* BIOL 4756 E Freshwater Biology

Representative freshwater organisms, primarily those occurring in Canada, will be surveyed and studied from an ecological perspective. A brief introduction to fisheries science will be included. Sampling techniques and methods of community analysis will be reviewed and assessed. Prerequisites: Completion of the required 2000-level courses in Biology. (lec 3, lab/tut 3) cr 3

BIOL 4777 E Wildlife Management: Objectives, Methods and Techniques

An introduction to the basic management and research techniques employed in wildlife management including handling of animals, nutrition, reconnaissance mapping, habitat analysis, population estimation and environmental assessment. Prerequisite: BIOL 4706 or 4306. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

BIOL 4797 E Environmental Physiology

A study of the ecophysiological aspects of animal life and the principles of adaptation; an examination of the physiological responses of vertebrates to such environmental factors as temperature, light, drought, humidity, salinity, atmospheric pressure, oxygen levels, etc. and exploration of those strategies which allow vertebrates to adapt to rigorous climatic conditions and selected environmental habitats. Prerequisite: BIOL 3756 or 3767 or equivalent. (lec 3, lab 3) cr 3

* BIOL 4807 E Advanced Genetics (Syllabus 2011)

This course begins by examining in depth fundamental concepts of molecular genetics from genome anatomy to molecular phylogenetics; and ends by exploring the application of these concepts in current cutting-edge genetic techniques and biomedical research. Current models for the molecular basis of genetics processes will be discussed, including comparisons of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic models. Particular focus will be given to the potential, and expectations, of recent advances in molecular genetics and genomes. The material covered in lectures will be reinforced by readings from the primary literature. Prerequisite: BIOL 3017. (lec 3) cr 3

* BIOL 4907 E Fisheries Science for Stressed Ecosystems

This course involves the study of environmental factors affecting fish populations and examines the management options and techniques for rehabilitation. Emphasis is placed on findings from current research programs and on computer-based methods of data management, synthesis and interpretation. Prerequisite: BIOL 3327, 4756 or 4056. (lec, tut/sem 6) cr 3